In the mid-'90s, Netscape developed a security protocol for encrypting confidential information for delivering and transferring web content. This protocol was called SSL (Secure Sockets Layer), and would later evolve into another protocol called TLS (Transport Layer Security).
An SSL certificate is a digital certificate that authenticates the identity of a website and creates an encrypted connection between a website and a browser. SSL certificates protect the identity of the remote connection and make online interactions private, ensuring that no one can read or modify content shared over the secure connection except the sender and recipient.
SSL certificates are issued by organizations called certificate authorities (CAs), which are trusted third-party organizations that guarantee the identity of a website. There are just over 100 certificate authorities worldwide, and they are audited to be included as a trusted root by the vendors of web browsers and operating systems.
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