"As organizations increasingly adopt cloud-native architectures, managing communication between microservices becomes a critical challenge. Modern applications are often distributed across multiple Kubernetes pods and ensuring secure, reliable and observable interactions between these services is essential. This is where Istio and Envoy sidecars come into play. Together they form a service mesh solution that abstracts networking complexities, enforces security policies and provides deep observability - all without requiring changes to application code."
"By introducing a control layer over Kubernetes clusters, Istio allows developers to monitor, secure and control traffic between services efficiently. Unlike traditional networking approaches, Istio abstracts concerns like service discovery, load balancing, routing, and policy enforcement. Istio's architecture is modular, consisting of a Control Plane and a Data Plane, separating centralized management from decentralized execution. This design enables organizations to define policies and enforce them consistently regardless of where applications are deployed."
Istio provides a control layer over Kubernetes to manage microservices communication, enabling monitoring, security, and traffic control. The architecture separates a centralized Control Plane from a decentralized Data Plane to consistently define and enforce policies across deployments. Envoy sidecars run alongside application containers in each pod and intercept inbound and outbound traffic to provide TLS encryption, routing, retries, fault injection, and load balancing. The sidecar model enforces security and traffic policies independently of application code while offering protocol awareness for HTTP, HTTPS, gRPC, and TCP and collecting detailed telemetry for observability.
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