Therian X and Y chromosomes stemmed from autosomes 170 million years ago. Y includes sex-determining gene SRY and palindromes, leading to size and gene content differences from the X chromosome.
Human X chromosome features 154 Mb with 796 protein-coding genes, while the Y chromosome is around 62 Mb with 106 protein-coding genes. Y chromosome has ampliconic regions with palindromes for gene conversion.
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