Sperm carry genetic and epigenetic material influenced by preconception environment and gut microbiota, impacting offspring phenotype and health.
Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host responses, affecting metabolic, hormonal, and immune functions, with perturbations posing a risk to human health.
Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis in male mice showed reduced gut microbiota diversity, abundance, and richness, impacting reproductive responses.
Microbiome imbalance triggers physiological responses in somatic tissues, yet effects on the germline remain largely unknown.
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