Despite simple materiality, clay tokens closely mirror organizational principles of data, aiding in abstracting exchange into a social practice.
Records, emerging from clay tokens, created a foundation for generalized social exchange, connecting to standardized media like numbers, money, and information.
Through records, people processed data, developing complex representations, creating freedom for interpretation within knowledge-building.
The concept of 'data' evolved with records, forming empirical bases for rational knowledge systems and disciplines, preserving ambiguities from early modernity.
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