Bitcoin address types compared: P2PKH, P2SH, P2WPKH, and more
Briefly

P2PK is the original method of receiving bitcoin, where coins are paid directly to a public key. It was used in the first bitcoin transaction between Satoshi Nakamoto and Hal Finney.
P2PKH, an improvement over P2PK, utilizes addresses with a checksum to prevent errors. These addresses are currently responsible for receiving and securing 43% of mined bitcoins.
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