The emergence of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in dairy cows in the US has resulted in spillover infections among farm workers.
Characterization of A/Texas/37/2024 showed it replicated efficiently in human epithelial cells but was lethal in mouse and ferret models, indicating significant pathogenic potential.
The virus huTX37-H5N1 transmitted via respiratory droplets in ferrets, raising concerns about its ability to spread among mammals and its potential risk to public health.
Findings suggest adaptation markers in the virus that enhance its polymerase activity in human cells, indicating a concerning trend of avian viruses becoming better suited for mammalian hosts.
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