Respondents perceived coffee differently based on the shape of the mug: stronger aromas in narrower cups, more sweetness in wider cups, and more bitterness/intensity in shorter ones.
Research suggests that tulip or open-shaped mugs enhance the coffee experience by intensifying aromas, while split mugs affect sweetness and intensity differently.
Mug shape affects heat loss, oxidation rate, and aromatic focus, influencing the time until coffee cools and the perception of flavors entering the mouth with each sip.
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