Genomic sequencing of 353 nuclear genes from 55 samples revealed distinct evolutionary lineages that align with morphological differences and geographic distributions. The data support recognition of three species: Coffea liberica, Coffea dewevrei (excelsa), and Coffea klainei. Wild distributions of liberica and excelsa do not overlap, and their climate profiles differ markedly. C. klainei is identified as a poorly understood West-Central African species occurring in Cameroon, Gabon, and Angola. Reclassification refocuses conservation and breeding priorities toward C. liberica and C. dewevrei for potential cultivation in low-elevation areas unsuitable for Arabica or robusta, with implications for climate-resilient coffee farming.
the climate profiles of wild Liberica and excelsa coffee are markedly different,
Liberica and excelsa hold substantial potential for developing coffee farming in areas that are unsuitable for Arabica or robusta, particularly those at low elevations in ho
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