India had intent to interfere and likely conducted clandestine activities in the 2021 Canadian federal election, including the use of a government proxy agent who attempted to provide illegal financial support to pro-Indian candidates.
CSIS suggested India targeted electoral districts where Indo-Canadian voters sympathized with Pakistan or the Khalistan separatist movement. Pakistan also attempted to influence Canadian federal politics to further its interests.
CSIS acknowledged the threat posed by Pakistan and implemented threat reduction measures. The former Conservative party leader attributed the loss of nine seats to a foreign misinformation campaign led by China.
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