The number of Indonesians classified as middle class has declined significantly from 57.3 million in 2019 to just 47.8 million in early 2024.
Rising inflation, tax burdens, and lingering effects of the COVID pandemic have placed the Indonesian middle class under significant economic pressure, affecting their spending power.
As the World Bank defines, the middle class enjoys economic security, which is increasingly at risk due to current economic challenges.
Many in the middle class express a pessimistic outlook, caught in a dilemma of not being poor enough for subsidies yet struggling economically.
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