Of the thousands of kids' and teens' books reviewed in a 2022 analysis, about 45 percent had a nonwhite author, illustrator or compiler, up from 8 percent in 2014.
Machine learning let the researchers pick up on details they may have missed if they had combed through the books by hand. For example, on average, youngsters were depicted with lighter skin than adults of the same race. And female characters appeared more often in images than in text, which suggests more symbolic inclusion ... rather than substantive inclusion, according to the study's authors.
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