The Syrian army disintegrated rapidly due to low morale, mismanagement, and systemic issues, notably highlighted by the success of opposition groups like HTS.
The successes of HTS, the Taliban, and ISIL stemmed from their internal cohesion and mobilisation, contrasting sharply with the failures evidenced in the Syrian military.
Corruption and a lack of legitimacy in Assad's regime rendered the Syrian army unstable and ineffective, culminating in its inability to fend off well-organized armed opposition.
The consolidation of the opposition after 2020 fostered internal solidarity, enabling groups like HTS to regroup and effectively challenge the Syrian regime once again.
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