In 1970, John Maynard Smith described protein evolution as a word transformation game. This analogy illustrated the complexities of protein evolution through single letter substitutions.
Frances Arnold noted that the universe of possible proteins is immense, stating, 'We can only dream of the immensity of their capabilities,' highlighting the ongoing discovery potential.
AI's computational power has defined the three-dimensional shapes of 200 million proteins and predicted interactions, yet the process remains inaccessible and unexplainable to humans.
The number of possible variants for a small protein of 100 units is 20 elevated to 100, illustrating the vastness and complexity of protein evolution.
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