"Speaking from decades of experience at companies including IBM and Amazon Web Services (AWS), she argued that AI actually has four different, increasingly useful interaction modes. Miller, who helped launch the first multimodal AI team at IBM, said that AI can be a microtasker, companion, delegate, or a teammate, depending on the desired outcome. The problem, Miller said, is that most users never get beyond the first mode, using AI as a "microtasker," basically a glorified search engine, returning results for simple queries."
"Her central critique focused on the rudimentary way that most employees interact with Large Language Models (LLMs). While traditional software ("Software 1.0") required exact inputs to get exact outputs, AI allows for reasoning and adaptation. Mistaking the former for the latter adds up to a waste of your annual ChatGPT, Gemini, or other subscription, she argued. "Ninety percent of your employees are stuck in this mode."
Employers are investing millions in AI tools to boost productivity, but workers are using only a small fraction of available capabilities. AI can function in four interaction modes: microtasker, companion, delegate, and teammate, offering progressively greater usefulness. Most employees remain in the microtasker mode, treating AI like a glorified search engine for simple queries or minor email edits. Traditional software required exact inputs for exact outputs, while modern AI supports reasoning and adaptation; confusing the two wastes subscriptions to services like ChatGPT or Gemini. Limited use of advanced AI modes constrains organizational productivity gains and undermines AI investment value.
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