#reproduction

#reproduction

Having five or more children or none is associated with faster aging and shorter lifespans than having one to four children.

Hormonal contraception and permanent surgical sterilization increase adult life expectancy across vertebrates, with sex-specific differences and stronger male benefits after pre-pubertal castration.

Sea pansies are colonial soft corals resembling purple flowers that live in shallow sandy zones, reproduce annually by releasing gametes, and clone after larval settlement.

Spiders use silk-coated pheromones for attracting mates, making their courtship interconnected with survival.

Sons are, on average, less distinguished than their fathers due to the reproductive dynamics of heredity.

Jumping spiders are skilled hunters that learn to survive on their own without webs.