#public-officials

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#legal-proceedings

Prosecutors lay out complicated case in former Miami-Dade commissioner's corruption trial

Suspended Miami-Dade Commissioner Joe Martinez faces a corruption case involving financial troubles and a multi-million dollar county contract.

Former Las Vegas official who killed journalist must serve at least 28 years

Robert Telles was sentenced to 28 years in prison for murdering journalist Jeff German, reflecting the severe consequences of attacking the free press.

Prosecutors lay out complicated case in former Miami-Dade commissioner's corruption trial

Suspended Miami-Dade Commissioner Joe Martinez faces a corruption case involving financial troubles and a multi-million dollar county contract.

Former Las Vegas official who killed journalist must serve at least 28 years

Robert Telles was sentenced to 28 years in prison for murdering journalist Jeff German, reflecting the severe consequences of attacking the free press.
morelegal-proceedings

Two recalls on the Oakland ballot show frustration about crime 'boiling over'

Thao's election as Oakland's mayor was initially celebrated, but her impending recall illustrates the precariousness of political support in challenging times.

County school superintendent protests firing

Superintendent Mary Ann Dewan's legal challenge against her termination by the Board of Education emphasizes her status as a public official.
#bribery

Opinion: Eric Adams indictment could be just the start of his problems

The indictment against Mayor Eric Adams charges him with serious offenses, including fraud, bribery, and conspiracy, indicating a significant legal challenge ahead.

Ex-LA Deputy Mayor Raymond Chan Found Guilty of Bribery

Former Los Angeles Deputy Mayor found guilty in corruption case involving bribes from developers.
Federal jury found Chan guilty on all 12 counts including racketeering, bribery, and fraud.

Opinion: Eric Adams indictment could be just the start of his problems

The indictment against Mayor Eric Adams charges him with serious offenses, including fraud, bribery, and conspiracy, indicating a significant legal challenge ahead.

Ex-LA Deputy Mayor Raymond Chan Found Guilty of Bribery

Former Los Angeles Deputy Mayor found guilty in corruption case involving bribes from developers.
Federal jury found Chan guilty on all 12 counts including racketeering, bribery, and fraud.
morebribery
#new-york-city

David Banks, N.Y.C. Schools Chancellor, Moves Up His Departure

David C. Banks is resigning as NYC schools chancellor amid a corruption scandal involving the mayor and his associates.

NYC schools boss David Banks laughs it up as he dodges questions about federal probe that seized his and brothers' phones

Schools Chancellor David Banks downplays a federal investigation involving his close associates, focusing on maintaining a non-responsive stance despite serious scrutiny.

David Banks, N.Y.C. Schools Chancellor, Moves Up His Departure

David C. Banks is resigning as NYC schools chancellor amid a corruption scandal involving the mayor and his associates.

NYC schools boss David Banks laughs it up as he dodges questions about federal probe that seized his and brothers' phones

Schools Chancellor David Banks downplays a federal investigation involving his close associates, focusing on maintaining a non-responsive stance despite serious scrutiny.
morenew-york-city

Kentucky Town Is Shaken After Local Sheriff Is Charged With Killing Judge

The shooting of Judge Mullins by Sheriff Stines has deeply impacted the close-knit community of Letcher County, already facing economic and natural challenges.

Where Are the New York City Corruption Probes Going?

Federal agents executed simultaneous search warrants on top NYC officials, indicating the gravity of the investigation without any charges filed yet.

Who else is China recruiting? NY political insiders warn of broader CCP effort after arrest of ex-Hochul aide

China's infiltration of U.S. public officials poses a significant national security threat, as highlighted by recent indictments.
#journalism

Former Las Vegas Official Convicted in Journalist's Murder

The case raises significant concerns regarding the safety of journalists and press freedom in the U.S.

As sources increasingly dismiss journalists, Poynter assembles best practices to help - Poynter

The best way to overcome attempts at shutting out journalists is through a renewed commitment to beat reporting and source relationships.

Former Las Vegas Official Convicted in Journalist's Murder

The case raises significant concerns regarding the safety of journalists and press freedom in the U.S.

As sources increasingly dismiss journalists, Poynter assembles best practices to help - Poynter

The best way to overcome attempts at shutting out journalists is through a renewed commitment to beat reporting and source relationships.
morejournalism
#death-threats

Man Pleads Guilty to Threatening to Kill Marjorie Taylor Greene

Death threats made against Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, leading to guilty plea for transmitting interstate threats.

Michigan man charged with illegal firearms possession after allegedly threatening governor and Biden

A Michigan man has been charged with unlawfully owning several firearms after federal agents uncovered online death threats he allegedly made against Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and President Joe Biden.Randall Robert Berka II faces one charge of possessing a firearm as a prohibited person.He has not yet entered a formal plea, and a lawyer is not yet listed on his court docket.

Man Pleads Guilty to Threatening to Kill Marjorie Taylor Greene

Death threats made against Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, leading to guilty plea for transmitting interstate threats.

Michigan man charged with illegal firearms possession after allegedly threatening governor and Biden

A Michigan man has been charged with unlawfully owning several firearms after federal agents uncovered online death threats he allegedly made against Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and President Joe Biden.Randall Robert Berka II faces one charge of possessing a firearm as a prohibited person.He has not yet entered a formal plea, and a lawyer is not yet listed on his court docket.
moredeath-threats
#political-violence

Threats of Violence Become the New Normal for Politicians

Rising support for political violence is leading to threats and disruptions in public offices, causing officials to step down.

Opinion | Swatting and the Dangerous Rise of Political Violence

Swatting, or false emergency calls targeting public officials, is a dangerous trend in American politics.
These hoaxes pose real dangers of tragic outcomes and divert law enforcement resources from real emergencies.

Public Officials Face Surge of Threats Ahead of 2024 Election

State and local officials in the US are facing a surge of violent threats, harassment, and intimidation since the 2020 election.
More than 40% of state legislators and nearly 40% of local officials reported being threatened, attacked, or harassed in the past three years.
Public officials are becoming less likely to engage with constituents, hold public events, advocate for policies, or run for re-election due to the ongoing abuse.

Threats of Violence Become the New Normal for Politicians

Rising support for political violence is leading to threats and disruptions in public offices, causing officials to step down.

Opinion | Swatting and the Dangerous Rise of Political Violence

Swatting, or false emergency calls targeting public officials, is a dangerous trend in American politics.
These hoaxes pose real dangers of tragic outcomes and divert law enforcement resources from real emergencies.

Public Officials Face Surge of Threats Ahead of 2024 Election

State and local officials in the US are facing a surge of violent threats, harassment, and intimidation since the 2020 election.
More than 40% of state legislators and nearly 40% of local officials reported being threatened, attacked, or harassed in the past three years.
Public officials are becoming less likely to engage with constituents, hold public events, advocate for policies, or run for re-election due to the ongoing abuse.
morepolitical-violence
#investigation

Brooklyn protest fallout: Mayor Adams says there will be review of NYPD actions, Public Advocate Williams condemns aggression' | amNewYork

Officials scrutinize NYPD response to Brooklyn pro-Palestine protest for alleged excessive force.

Year after sentencing, actor Jussie Smollett appeals, claiming his double-jeopardy rights were violated, trial judge biased

Nearly a year after being sentenced to five months in jail, only to be released on bond days later, actor Jussie Smollett has filed his long-awaited appeal claiming his indictment by a special prosecutor was invalid due to double-jeopardy concerns and that the trial judge was biased against him.The 102-page brief filed Wednesday with the Illinois Appellate Court covered mostly familiar ground in the well-worn case against Smollett, the onetime "Empire" star who was convicted by a jury in December 2021 of paying two acquaintances to fake a racist and homophobic attack on him to get exposure and boost his career.

Woman pleads guilty to sending ricin in 2020 letter to Trump

A Canadian woman pleaded guilty Wednesday to mailing a threatening letter containing the poison ricin to then-President Donald Trump at the White House.The letter from Pascale Ferrier directing Trump to give up and remove your application for this election, was intercepted at a mail sorting facility in September 2020, before it could reach the White House.

Brooklyn protest fallout: Mayor Adams says there will be review of NYPD actions, Public Advocate Williams condemns aggression' | amNewYork

Officials scrutinize NYPD response to Brooklyn pro-Palestine protest for alleged excessive force.

Year after sentencing, actor Jussie Smollett appeals, claiming his double-jeopardy rights were violated, trial judge biased

Nearly a year after being sentenced to five months in jail, only to be released on bond days later, actor Jussie Smollett has filed his long-awaited appeal claiming his indictment by a special prosecutor was invalid due to double-jeopardy concerns and that the trial judge was biased against him.The 102-page brief filed Wednesday with the Illinois Appellate Court covered mostly familiar ground in the well-worn case against Smollett, the onetime "Empire" star who was convicted by a jury in December 2021 of paying two acquaintances to fake a racist and homophobic attack on him to get exposure and boost his career.

Woman pleads guilty to sending ricin in 2020 letter to Trump

A Canadian woman pleaded guilty Wednesday to mailing a threatening letter containing the poison ricin to then-President Donald Trump at the White House.The letter from Pascale Ferrier directing Trump to give up and remove your application for this election, was intercepted at a mail sorting facility in September 2020, before it could reach the White House.
moreinvestigation

Staten Island DA and judge power couple criticized for 'double dipping' with six-figure pensions on top of $100K-plus salaries

DA Michael McMahon and Judge Judith McMahon are under scrutiny for receiving hefty taxpayer-funded salaries and pensions.
The couple's combined pay and pensions amount to more than $600,000.

He Cursed at a Police Officer. Now He's Caught in a Free Speech Fight.

The incident involving Tony Rupp at Chef's Restaurant led to a legal battle centered around First Amendment rights and free speech.
The case against the city and police commissioner could set a significant precedent regarding citizens' ability to criticize public officials.

Judge in Trump's election subversion case targeted by swatting call

A home owned by the judge overseeing the federal election subversion case against Donald Trump was targeted by a fake emergency call.
Swatting, the act of making prank calls to emergency services in order to draw a police response, has been on the rise, with high-profile public officials being targeted.

Deluge of violent threats could take down a democracy'

A man named Kevin Patrick Smith was sentenced to prison for threatening a US Senator and leaving threatening voicemails.
The increase in threatening behavior towards public servants is a concern as the 2024 presidential election approaches.
#years

FIFA warns Europe of Women's World Cup broadcast blackout

Publicly criticizing broadcasters for offering too little to screen the Women's World Cup has not worked out yet for FIFA president Gianni Infantino, who is now threatening a blackout in major European markets.A public standoff that started last October was intensified by Infantino late Monday when he warned five key countries England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain in a statement less than three months before the tournament starts in Australia and New Zealand.

Oregon Secretary of State Resigns Amid Ethics Questions About Cannabis Consulting Work

Oregon Secretary of State Shemia Fagan will resign from office, following ethics questions into her private consulting work.Fagan announced her resignation Tuesday morning, May 2. Her resignation will take effect Monday, May 9.The day prior, Fagan announced she had terminated her contract with Veriede Holdings- a company affiliated with the La Mota chain of cannabis dispensaries-after it came to light that Fagan had accepted a lucrative contract to do consulting work for Veriede while also serving as Secretary of State.

100th Anniversary Historic Time Capsule Reveal at SF's Mt. Davidson Cross

- 11:00 am to 12:30 pm | Cost: FREE Saturday, April 1, 2023 125 Dalewood Way San Francisco 94127 | 125 Dalewood Way San Francisco 94127
Submitted by the Event Organizer
You're invited to attend the 100th anniversary celebration of Mt.Davidson Cross on Saturday, April 1, 2023 from 11am - 12:30pm at the cross.

The Latest: War in Ukraine: Russia's Push in Eastern Ukraine Leaves Avdiivka in Ruins

AVDIIVKA, Ukraine When the shelling starts, the people who have remained in this town in eastern Ukraine hardly flinch.In truth, the shelling barely stops.Russian efforts to capture Avdiivka began over a year ago and in recent weeks have escalated.On Monday, as a Ukrainian police evacuation team went from basement to basement to try again to persuade people to leave, the thud of artillery could be heard every minute or two from Russian forces that have sometimes been stationed no more than a mile away.

With $1.6bn at stake, Fox News is suddenly interested in freedom of the press | Margaret Sullivan

As it tries to defend itself against the accusation that it knowingly spread lies about the 2020 presidential election, Fox News has touted some lofty notions about the role of journalism in a democratic society.There will be a lot of noise and confusion generated by Dominion and their opportunistic private equity owners, said a recent company statement, but the core of this case remains about freedom of the press and freedom of speech, which are fundamental rights afforded by the Constitution and protected by New York Times v Sullivan.

The ground opened in La Habra in 2019. Now there's a new hole, but still no agreement on who'll do repairs

A collapsed drain channel opened Wednesday in the ground near a condominium complex in La Habra, roughly fours years after the terrain collapsed not too far away in a similar fashion.The recent collapse that created a hole 40 feet wide complicates matters in an ongoing legal dispute between a homeowners association and the city of La Habra on whether the needed repairs are the responsibility of the property owner or the city.

FIFA warns Europe of Women's World Cup broadcast blackout

Publicly criticizing broadcasters for offering too little to screen the Women's World Cup has not worked out yet for FIFA president Gianni Infantino, who is now threatening a blackout in major European markets.A public standoff that started last October was intensified by Infantino late Monday when he warned five key countries England, France, Germany, Italy, Spain in a statement less than three months before the tournament starts in Australia and New Zealand.

Oregon Secretary of State Resigns Amid Ethics Questions About Cannabis Consulting Work

Oregon Secretary of State Shemia Fagan will resign from office, following ethics questions into her private consulting work.Fagan announced her resignation Tuesday morning, May 2. Her resignation will take effect Monday, May 9.The day prior, Fagan announced she had terminated her contract with Veriede Holdings- a company affiliated with the La Mota chain of cannabis dispensaries-after it came to light that Fagan had accepted a lucrative contract to do consulting work for Veriede while also serving as Secretary of State.

100th Anniversary Historic Time Capsule Reveal at SF's Mt. Davidson Cross

- 11:00 am to 12:30 pm | Cost: FREE Saturday, April 1, 2023 125 Dalewood Way San Francisco 94127 | 125 Dalewood Way San Francisco 94127
Submitted by the Event Organizer
You're invited to attend the 100th anniversary celebration of Mt.Davidson Cross on Saturday, April 1, 2023 from 11am - 12:30pm at the cross.

The Latest: War in Ukraine: Russia's Push in Eastern Ukraine Leaves Avdiivka in Ruins

AVDIIVKA, Ukraine When the shelling starts, the people who have remained in this town in eastern Ukraine hardly flinch.In truth, the shelling barely stops.Russian efforts to capture Avdiivka began over a year ago and in recent weeks have escalated.On Monday, as a Ukrainian police evacuation team went from basement to basement to try again to persuade people to leave, the thud of artillery could be heard every minute or two from Russian forces that have sometimes been stationed no more than a mile away.

With $1.6bn at stake, Fox News is suddenly interested in freedom of the press | Margaret Sullivan

As it tries to defend itself against the accusation that it knowingly spread lies about the 2020 presidential election, Fox News has touted some lofty notions about the role of journalism in a democratic society.There will be a lot of noise and confusion generated by Dominion and their opportunistic private equity owners, said a recent company statement, but the core of this case remains about freedom of the press and freedom of speech, which are fundamental rights afforded by the Constitution and protected by New York Times v Sullivan.

The ground opened in La Habra in 2019. Now there's a new hole, but still no agreement on who'll do repairs

A collapsed drain channel opened Wednesday in the ground near a condominium complex in La Habra, roughly fours years after the terrain collapsed not too far away in a similar fashion.The recent collapse that created a hole 40 feet wide complicates matters in an ongoing legal dispute between a homeowners association and the city of La Habra on whether the needed repairs are the responsibility of the property owner or the city.
moreyears
#people

EFF letter to Congress: Oppose the EARN IT Act and the STOP CSAM Act

The Senate Judiciary Committee is about to debate multiple bills that will lead to peoples' private messages being scanned and reported to the government.We oppose these bills, and we have sent a urging the Committee to vote No.
On Thursday, May 4, 2023, the committee will consider S. 1207, the Eliminating Abusive and Rampant Neglect of Interactive Technologies Act of 2023 (EARN IT Act), and S. 1199, the Strengthening Transparency and Obligation to Protect Children Suffering from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2023 (STOP CSAM Act).

ANALYSIS | Global financial contagion means everyone is 'waiting to see where the bodies are buried' | CBC News

Is it possible to talk about financial contagion without perpetuating it?Regulators and public officials are anxious to be reassuring, but for Canadians trying to understand how a series of ostensibly unconnected global bank failures could affect them, being like the meme dog in the burning kitchen that turned 10 this year may not be the best plan either.

Carroll v. Trump jurors will be anonymous, judge says, citing Trump's reaction to hush money investigation

The judge handling the civil lawsuit of E. Jean Carroll against Donald Trump says jurors' personal information will be kept confidential and other security measures will be taken to protect them, citing the former president's history of attacking the legal system.Judge Lewis Kaplan noted Trump's most recent comments surrounding the Manhattan District Attorney's investigation into alleged hush money payments adult film star Stormy Daniels as a reason to protect jurors as much as possible Mr. Trump's quite recent reaction to what he perceived as an imminent threat of indictment by a grand jury sitting virtually next door to this Court was to encourage protest' and to urge people to take our country back.'

Reporter Arrested While Covering News Conference in Ohio

A reporter who was covering a news conference on the train derailment in Ohio that led to the release of toxic fumes was arrested following a live shot on Wednesday, after officers told him to be quiet while the governor spoke, according to the cable channel where he works, NewsNation.The reporter, Evan Lambert, had been waiting for the news conference in East Palestine, Ohio, to start at 3 p.m., but it was delayed until about 5.p.m.

PODCAST: How bad will strikes get in Germany and should public officials have to speak English?

In this week's episode we talk about widespread strikes, expensive Currywurst, the winners and losers of Berlin's repeat elections, the debate on English as a second administrative language in Germany and dating.Published: 17 February 2023 09:27 CET You can follow Germany in Focus and listen HERE or on the below platforms: In the latest episode, host Rachel Loxton is joined by The Local Germany editor Rachel Stern and journalist Aaron Burnett, as well as jobs expert Chris Pyak and dating and relationships expert Sami Wunder.

Texas Republicans are trying to pass "Don't Say Gay" copycat bills

Texas Republicans have introduced two bills that would ban instruction of sexual orientation and gender identity in the state's public schools.Among the 35 anti-LGBTQ+ bills filed so far by Texas Republicans for the 2023 legislative session are two that closely mirror Florida's "Parental Rights in Education" law, popularly known as "Don't Say Gay."
H.B. 631, authored by state Rep. Steve Toth (R) would ban schools from teaching about sexual orientation or gender identity from kindergarten through fifth grade, while Rep. Jared Patterson's (R) H.B. 1155 extends the ban through eighth grade.

EFF letter to Congress: Oppose the EARN IT Act and the STOP CSAM Act

The Senate Judiciary Committee is about to debate multiple bills that will lead to peoples' private messages being scanned and reported to the government.We oppose these bills, and we have sent a urging the Committee to vote No.
On Thursday, May 4, 2023, the committee will consider S. 1207, the Eliminating Abusive and Rampant Neglect of Interactive Technologies Act of 2023 (EARN IT Act), and S. 1199, the Strengthening Transparency and Obligation to Protect Children Suffering from Abuse and Mistreatment Act of 2023 (STOP CSAM Act).

ANALYSIS | Global financial contagion means everyone is 'waiting to see where the bodies are buried' | CBC News

Is it possible to talk about financial contagion without perpetuating it?Regulators and public officials are anxious to be reassuring, but for Canadians trying to understand how a series of ostensibly unconnected global bank failures could affect them, being like the meme dog in the burning kitchen that turned 10 this year may not be the best plan either.

Carroll v. Trump jurors will be anonymous, judge says, citing Trump's reaction to hush money investigation

The judge handling the civil lawsuit of E. Jean Carroll against Donald Trump says jurors' personal information will be kept confidential and other security measures will be taken to protect them, citing the former president's history of attacking the legal system.Judge Lewis Kaplan noted Trump's most recent comments surrounding the Manhattan District Attorney's investigation into alleged hush money payments adult film star Stormy Daniels as a reason to protect jurors as much as possible Mr. Trump's quite recent reaction to what he perceived as an imminent threat of indictment by a grand jury sitting virtually next door to this Court was to encourage protest' and to urge people to take our country back.'

Reporter Arrested While Covering News Conference in Ohio

A reporter who was covering a news conference on the train derailment in Ohio that led to the release of toxic fumes was arrested following a live shot on Wednesday, after officers told him to be quiet while the governor spoke, according to the cable channel where he works, NewsNation.The reporter, Evan Lambert, had been waiting for the news conference in East Palestine, Ohio, to start at 3 p.m., but it was delayed until about 5.p.m.

PODCAST: How bad will strikes get in Germany and should public officials have to speak English?

In this week's episode we talk about widespread strikes, expensive Currywurst, the winners and losers of Berlin's repeat elections, the debate on English as a second administrative language in Germany and dating.Published: 17 February 2023 09:27 CET You can follow Germany in Focus and listen HERE or on the below platforms: In the latest episode, host Rachel Loxton is joined by The Local Germany editor Rachel Stern and journalist Aaron Burnett, as well as jobs expert Chris Pyak and dating and relationships expert Sami Wunder.

Texas Republicans are trying to pass "Don't Say Gay" copycat bills

Texas Republicans have introduced two bills that would ban instruction of sexual orientation and gender identity in the state's public schools.Among the 35 anti-LGBTQ+ bills filed so far by Texas Republicans for the 2023 legislative session are two that closely mirror Florida's "Parental Rights in Education" law, popularly known as "Don't Say Gay."
H.B. 631, authored by state Rep. Steve Toth (R) would ban schools from teaching about sexual orientation or gender identity from kindergarten through fifth grade, while Rep. Jared Patterson's (R) H.B. 1155 extends the ban through eighth grade.
morepeople
#san-francisco

Here's When Much-Anticipated Soul Food Restaurant Gumbo Social Will Open in the Bayview

It's absolutely not an exaggeration to say we've all been somewhat impatiently waiting for the opening of Gumbo Social.The upcoming restaurant not only claimed a spot on Eater SF's list of most anticipated restaurant openings of this year but also earned similar shout-outs from the San Francisco Chronicle and Bon Appetit - whose list, by the way, covered restaurants from California to Rhode Island.

New judge named in Pelosi attack suspect David DePape's case

A new judge will be taking over the criminal case against David DePape, the man facing attempted murder and other state charges in connection with the attack against Paul Pelosi in San Francisco last month.Prosecutors and DePape's public defender met for a status hearing on Monday where it was announced that San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Stephen Murphy would be taking over the case, said Randy Quezada, communications director for the San Francisco district attorney's office.

Here's When Much-Anticipated Soul Food Restaurant Gumbo Social Will Open in the Bayview

It's absolutely not an exaggeration to say we've all been somewhat impatiently waiting for the opening of Gumbo Social.The upcoming restaurant not only claimed a spot on Eater SF's list of most anticipated restaurant openings of this year but also earned similar shout-outs from the San Francisco Chronicle and Bon Appetit - whose list, by the way, covered restaurants from California to Rhode Island.

New judge named in Pelosi attack suspect David DePape's case

A new judge will be taking over the criminal case against David DePape, the man facing attempted murder and other state charges in connection with the attack against Paul Pelosi in San Francisco last month.Prosecutors and DePape's public defender met for a status hearing on Monday where it was announced that San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Stephen Murphy would be taking over the case, said Randy Quezada, communications director for the San Francisco district attorney's office.
moresan-francisco

Pol looks to limit imports of dangerous lithium-ion batteries after wave of fires * Brooklyn Paper

A local elected is pushing to curb the import of dangerous unbranded lithium-ion batteries commonly used in e-bikes that have contributed to a rash of recent fires.Congress Member Nydia Velázquez, who represents swaths of northern Brooklyn penned a letter the U.S Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) agency looking for better enforcement of those batteries, which are often of poor quality and serious safety risks.

'Heroic' Bay Ridge officers honored for protecting students during U-Haul attack * Brooklyn Paper

Three police officers from Bay Ridge's 68th Precinct received awards from both the State and City of New York on Tuesday for their assistance in evacuating and sheltering school children during February's deadly attack by a U-Haul driver.Officers Francis Ingebrethsen and Hector Santini, along with Lieutenant John Vitale, stood with state Senator Andrew Gounardes, Public Advocate Jumaane Williams and Council Member Justin Brannan in a ceremony at Bay Ridge Preparatory School on 4th Avenue to commemorate their actions.
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