#baking-science

#baking-science

Baking time and temperature are dependent on the type of cake you're making. A dense, heavier, and moister fruitcake is going to need to be baked longer and at a higher temperature than angel food cake, which you don't want to brown.

The ideal temperature for cookie baking has been the subject of two separate studies, both of which found that the best temperature is higher than the standard 350 degrees Fahrenheit. Specifically, the perfect range likely falls between 374 and 401 degrees. A 2024 study published in the Journal of Food Science looked at three different temperatures: 365, 401, and 437 degrees. When baked for 12 minutes at these temperatures, the cookies turned out perfectly only at 401 degrees.

"Whenever you use an acid (it could be a weak acid like buttermilk or a strong acid like vinegar), you're impeding the gluten proteins in the flour from forming bonds," Kanell told us. The result? A "more tender, cakey baked good." He adds that vinegar isn't the only acid that gives this effect, as buttermilk and lemon juice can do the same.