Philosophy often involves defining concepts like knowledge, morality, and inductive reasoning. Common definitions are challenged by counter-examples, undermining established criteria. Edmund Gettier's example questions the sufficiency of 'justified true belief' for knowledge. In his scenario, a person holds a belief that turns out to be true by coincidence, suggesting the need to refine our understanding of knowledge. The critique implies that while we think we grasp concepts, deeper analysis reveals uncertainty.
Smith and his friend Jones apply for a job. Smith counts the coins in his friend’s pocket: there are ten. He believes the successful candidate will have ten coins, but he gets the job instead, also with ten coins. This creates a justified true belief that doesn't qualify as knowledge.
Gettier's counter-example prompts philosophical inquiry into the definition of knowledge. The scenario illustrates cases where individuals might possess justified true beliefs that fail to meet the full criteria of knowledge.
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