"Following a deadly attack on tourists in India-administered Kashmir in April, India announced that a landmark water sharing agreement with Pakistan would "be held in abeyance with immediate effect, until Pakistan credibly and irrevocably abjures its support for cross-border terrorism." New Delhi seemed to double down on this position even after the clashes with Pakistan ended in May. In a major speech earlier this month, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said that "blood and water will not flow together.""
"The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) has recently ruled on how key parts of the IWT should be interpreted, generally directing India to 'let flow' the rivers for Pakistan's unrestricted use, except under specifically defined circumstances. "India has never accepted the legality, legitimacy, or competence of the so-called Court of Arbitration. Its pronouncements are therefore without jurisdiction, devoid of legal standing, and have no bearing on India's rights of utilisation of waters," said Foreign Ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal."
Rivers linking India and Pakistan have become a diplomatic flashpoint after India announced that the 1960 Indus Waters Treaty would be held in abeyance following a deadly April attack in Kashmir. Indian leaders framed water sharing as contingent on Pakistan renouncing support for cross-border terrorism, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi declaring that "blood and water will not flow together." The suspension has remained theoretical, with no concrete restrictions on flows reported, while Pakistan warned that such measures would be treated as an act of war. The Permanent Court of Arbitration issued a supplemental award favoring Pakistan's use, but India rejected the court's jurisdiction and findings.
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