US and China seek to project power with huge and expensive aircraft carriers

"In port, the 80,000-tonne Fujian aircraft carrier would be impossible to miss. More than 300 metres long and capable of carrying about 60 aircraft, the 5.4bn super-vessel places China second among the world's navies, with three aircraft carriers, though still a long way behind the global leader, the US, which has 11. Yet for all the great power projection of the new warship, nearly 5,000 miles away from its home port another conflict appears to suggest size may not matter."

"In the Black Sea, Ukraine achieved an extraordinary military success by inflicting a functional defeat on Russia's naval fleet using swarms of skilfully targeted sea drones. The contradiction, however, is likely to be more apparent than real. In a new era of state competition, and in particular the growing rivalry between China and the US, for all their size and expense, aircraft carriers remain an attractive resource for projecting power and conducting harder edged diplomacy."

"This is why the US president, Donald Trump, ordered the USS Gerald R Ford at $12.8bn the world's largest and most expensive warship to sail to Venezuela to intimidate the country's regime. Capable of carrying 70 aircraft, able to operate up to 125 sorties at peak, and with four destroyers in support, the manoeuvre was so unusual it raised the question of whether the force on display would be used against President Nicolas Maduro."

The 80,000-tonne Fujian measures more than 300 metres and can carry about 60 aircraft, marking China as the second-largest carrier operator after the United States. Ukraine inflicted a functional defeat on Russia's Black Sea fleet using swarms of skilfully targeted sea drones, showing that inexpensive unmanned systems can deliver strategic effects against large naval assets. Despite such vulnerabilities, aircraft carriers continue to offer valuable capabilities for coercive diplomacy and force projection. The US deployed the USS Gerald R Ford as a show of force, while China invests in anti-ship missiles and modernised carriers, including the converted Liaoning.

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