The IAF faced global scrutiny after clashes with Pakistan that involved admitted losses despite claims of striking terror infrastructure. Longstanding systemic challenges include ageing aircraft, a shortage of pilots, insufficient training resources, overdue deliveries and delayed defense deals. The most critical issue is dwindling squadron strength: MiG-21 retirements will reduce forces to 29 squadrons, well below the sanctioned 42. The MiG-21 legacy includes numerous crashes and fatalities, and planned indigenous replacements such as the LCA have been slow to arrive. Senior military leaders call for inducting 35–40 fighters annually amid warnings of possible near-term conflict.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) has garnered global scrutiny following India's military conflict with Pakistan in May. While Indian generals trumpeted the air force's role in targeting what New Delhi said was terror infrastructure in Pakistan, they also admitted "losses" during the clashes. This controversy has renewed the discussion on the systemic challenges plaguing the IAF for decades, such as outdated aircraft, shortage of pilots and lack of training resources combined with overdue deliveries and delayed defense deals.
But the most glaring problem facing the IAF is its shrinking fighter squadron strength. A squadron size in military aviation varies depending on the country but generally ranges between 18 and 24 aircraft. With India due to retire its Soviet-developed MiG-21 planes in September, the IAF will have only 29 squadrons at its disposal the lowest number ever and way below the sanctioned strength of 42.
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