URL Case Sensitivity and SEO

"This matters because content management systems typically generate URLs from page titles and often retain capitalization. This creates three problems for search engine optimization: Duplicate content. Google may index both versions of the URL if they serve the same content. Link equity splitting. Capitalized URLs with lowercase inbound links can split link equity, hurting the ranking of the primary version."

"Most web crawlers (and Search Console) do not offer case-sensitive URL filters, making detection challenging. The best way to prevent them is to ensure your server redirects all versions of a URL to the desired version. Each of these could redirect to domain.com/url, for example: Some content management systems will automatically redirect, but always check to confirm. Enter the three URL versions above in your browser."

"For SEO, there is no URL rule as long as all versions redirect to the preferred version. I like lowercase URLs for simplicity and ease of cross-site redirect setup, although some users prefer capitalized URLs for readability, branding, and ad performance. Cross-site URL consistency will not produce material ranking increases. But it will help Google understand your site structure, improve crawlability, and clarify what's indexed."

Google treats the path portion of URLs as case-sensitive, allowing separate indexing for differently capitalized paths while treating domain case as equivalent. Content management systems often generate URLs from page titles and can retain capitalization. Case variation causes duplicate content, splits link equity, and produces 404 errors on case-sensitive servers. Most crawlers and Search Console lack case-sensitive URL filters, making detection difficult. The reliable prevention is to configure server-side redirects so all case variants point to a single preferred URL. Consistent URLs improve crawlability and indexing clarity; lowercase URLs simplify redirects but do not materially boost rankings.

Read at Practical Ecommerce