The U.S. immigrant population declined by more than one million people between January and June 2025 after more than 50 years of growth. Pew Research Center found 53.3 million immigrants in January and 51.9 million in June, reducing the immigrant share of residents from 15.8% to 15.4%. The immigrant presence in the labor force dropped by 750,000 workers, leaving the labor force 19% foreign-born. Policy changes cited include Biden's 2024 asylum restrictions and Trump’s 181 executive actions targeting immigration, including arrival limits and mass deportations. The Mexican-born population fell, with Mexico’s share dropping from 29% in 2010 to 22% by 2023.
The immigrant population of the United States, which has been growing for more than 50 years, has declined by more than a million people since Donald Trump took office in January and defined immigration as a threat to the nation, not one of its strengths. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, there were a record 53.3 million immigrants in the US in January, when Trump took office for the second time. By June, that number had dropped to 51.9 million.
Among all US residents, 15.4% were immigrants as of June 2025, down from the recent historic high of 15.8% in January. The Pew survey also found that 750,000 immigrant workers had dropped out of the US labor force since January, which is now 19% foreign-born. The center pointed to several policy changes that have affected immigrant populations across the US, including Joe Biden's restrictions on asylum applications in 2024, which led to a significant decrease in border crossings involving immigrants seeking asylum.
Additionally, the center pointed to Donald Trump's 181 executive actions targeting immigration, including the arrival of new immigrants and the mass deportation of noncitizen immigrants. The center noted that the change in the data could be due to a declining survey response rate among immigrants. Mexico remains the largest origin country among US immigrants. As of mid-2023, more than 11 million US residents were born in Mexico, marking nearly a quarter, or 22%, of all immigrants nationally.
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