"Windows' built-in Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) command, a.k.a. dism.exe, is something of a Swiss Army knife when it comes to working on Windows OS images. Among its many capabilities - such as adding optional Windows features and packages, taking image inventories, performing image cleanups, and more - DISM includes an /Add-Package option. This option allows users to install Microsoft Catalog updates in .cab or .msu files to a targeted Windows image."
".cab is short for " Windows Cabinet," a type of compressed file that stores data and instructions for Windows that can update device drivers, system files, and so forth. The .msu file extension is associated with the Microsoft Update Standalone Installer. Normally, this installer uses the Windows Update Agent API to install update packages. Both .cab and .msu files also work with the DISM command against Windows image files, which may be of types .wim, .wsm, .esd, .ffu, or virtual hard disk files of type .vhd or .vhdx."
"Note that .msu updates only work on offline images, while the more common .cab files may be applied to an online image to update a running Windows install. If an .msu is the only format available for download, you can sometimes use a tool like expand.exe (built into Windows 10 and 11) to extract a .cab file that DISM can apply to online images. See this Microsoft Learn article for details: only a couple of extra steps are involved."
DISM (dism.exe) provides an /Add-Package option to install Microsoft Catalog updates packaged as .cab or .msu to Windows images. .cab files are Windows Cabinet archives that can update drivers and system files and can be applied to an online, running Windows installation. .msu files use the Microsoft Update Standalone Installer and rely on the Windows Update Agent API and typically only install to offline images. DISM can work against .wim, .wsm, .esd, .ffu, .vhd, and .vhdx image types. expand.exe can sometimes extract a .cab from an .msu for online application, but Windows 11 updates generally remain unsuitable for this workaround, making the method most practical for Windows 10.
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