"Between 2000 and 2021, the top five most mentioned keyword-topics in personality psychology research were "B5 Constructs," " Emotion," "Internalizing," "Health/Well-being," and " Dark Tetrad." Psychologists, it seems, are no longer just mapping out the traits that help us thrive, but also probing the darker impulses that can unravel relationships, communities, and even societies. You may be familiar with the " Dark Triad," a cluster of three socially aversive traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy."
"Narcissism: Excessive self-love, entitlement, and a hunger for admiration. Machiavellianism: Cunning manipulation, strategic deception, and an "ends justify the means" mindset. Psychopathy: Impulsivity, lack of empathy, and a disregard for social norms. Sadism: The tendency to derive pleasure from causing others pain—whether physical, emotional, or social. While the first three traits focus on selfishness and exploitation, sadism introduces something darker: an active enjoyment of others' suffering. This is what makes the tetrad stand apart from the triad."
Between 2000 and 2021, personality psychology research frequently addressed B5 constructs, emotion, internalizing, health/well-being, and the Dark Tetrad. The Dark Tetrad comprises narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism. Narcissism involves excessive self-love, entitlement, and craving admiration. Machiavellianism involves strategic manipulation and deception. Psychopathy involves impulsivity, lack of empathy, and disregard for social norms. Sadism involves deriving pleasure from inflicting physical, emotional, or social pain. Adding sadism distinguishes active enjoyment of others' suffering from mere exploitation and clarifies many cruel or puzzling behaviors in relationships, work, and society.
Read at Psychology Today
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