"All the planets, stars, and galaxies we see are composed of matter, not antimatter. But physics hasn't yet discovered how that occurred. Einstein's E = mc² allows us to create and destroy matter. But there's a cost: only if we create or destroy an equivalent amount of antimatter. To create a fundamental matter-antimatter asymmetry, three conditions must be met. 1.) The Universe must be out of equilibrium. 2.) There must be enough C-violation and CP-violation. 3.) There must be baryon number-violating processes."
"The known Standard Model exhibits C-violation and CP-violation, but not enough of it. CP-violation has been observed for strange, charm, and bottom quark decays, but only in mesons. For years, theorists have predicted CP-violation in baryons, but never saw it until now. In 2025, for the first time, the LHCb collaboration demonstrated baryonic CP-violation. Two species of b-quark containing baryons decayed to s-quark containing ones, showing robust CP-asymmetries. This is consistent with their observed CP-violation in the meson sector."
All observable macroscopic structures are composed of matter, not antimatter, yet physics has not explained how that asymmetry arose. Einstein’s E = mc² allows matter creation and destruction only paired with equivalent antimatter. Creating a fundamental matter–antimatter asymmetry requires nonequilibrium conditions, sufficient C and CP violation, and baryon-number–violating processes. The Standard Model exhibits C and CP violation but insufficiently. CP violation has been seen in strange, charm, and bottom meson decays. In 2025 LHCb reported the first observation of baryonic CP violation: two b‑quark–containing baryons decayed to s‑quark baryons with robust CP asymmetries, supporting progress toward baryogenesis.
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