Pahalgam attack: A simple guide to the Kashmir conflict

The long-standing conflict between India and Pakistan, rooted in the 1947 partition, flares up again following a deadly attack in Kashmir. The two nations have exchanged fire across the Line of Control, with Pakistan accusing India of an imminent military response. The Kashmir issue remains a central cause of their animosity, as both claim the region in full but control parts of it. Diplomatic relations are strained, with India suspending participation in the Indus Waters Treaty and both sides taking retaliatory measures against each other.

The roots of this decades-long conflict go back to the turbulent partition of 1947, creating enduring hostilities primarily over the status of Kashmir.

Since gaining independence from British rule in 1947, both countries have controlled parts of Kashmir but continue to claim it in full, leading to ongoing tensions.

India’s implications that Pakistan may have supported the Pahalgam attack have led to increasing diplomatic friction, with each country taking punitive measures against the other.

The Kashmir conflict remains central to India-Pakistan relations, marked by a history of wars and an ongoing cycle of military and diplomatic provocations.

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