"Amram, Y., & Dryer, C. (2008). The integrated spiritual intelligence scale (ISIS): Development and validation. Institute of Transpersonal Psychology Working Paper. Barcaccia, B., Lucidi, F., & Mancini, F. (2023). Purpose in life as a psychological strength: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1202461. Calvo, R. A., & Peters, D. (2021). AI in mental health: The illusion of empathy. The Lancet Digital Health, 3(6), e358-e359. Cicotto, G. (2025). A new form of intelligence for a sustainable and humane future. Systems, 5(3), 107."
"Hill, P. L., & Turiano, N. A. (2014). Purpose in life as a predictor of mortality across adulthood. Psychological Science, 25(7), 1482-1486. King, D. B., & DeCicco, T. L. (2009). A viable model and self-report measure of spiritual intelligence. The International Journal of Transpersonal Studies, 28(1), 68-85. Khosravi, Z., Faramarzi, M., & Kheirkhah, F. (2015). Relationship between spiritual intelligence, resilience, and perceived stress among nurses. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(6), 665-671."
"OpenAI. (2023). GPT-4 technical report. arXiv:2303.08774. Pinto, A., Fernández, A., & Rodríguez, M. (2024). Educational programs to develop spiritual intelligence: A scoping review. Journal of Human Values, 30(2), 145-163. Rubin, O., et al. (2024). Artificial intelligence and empathy in caring relationships: A systematic review. JMIR Human Factors, 11(2), e12345. Sahebalzamani, M., Farahani, H., Abolghasemi, A., & Rajabi, S. (2013). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and psychological well-being among university students. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 42(1)"
Measures of spiritual intelligence such as the Integrated Spiritual Intelligence Scale and self-report models provide tools for assessing spiritual capacities. Spiritual intelligence and purpose in life correlate with psychological well-being, resilience, reduced stress, and lower mortality risk across adulthood. Educational programs and reviews document efforts to teach and cultivate spiritual intelligence in formal settings. Attention regulation and monitoring cultivated through meditation support cognitive processes relevant to spiritual capacities. Research on artificial intelligence identifies an illusion of empathy in mental health applications and reviews highlight constraints of AI empathy in caring relationships. Calls for new intelligence forms emphasize sustainability and humane values alongside technical progress.
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