Do worms feel pain and are ants happy? Why the science on invertebrate feelings is evolving
Briefly

The article discusses the emerging understanding of invertebrate sentience, focusing on research by Dr. Andrew Crump highlighting complexities in assessing animal pain and feelings. With new insights, UK laws were amended to recognize that invertebrates like octopuses and crabs can experience pain, akin to vertebrates. Studies show non-simple responses from species like bees, which engage in context-dependent learning and decision-making. Such findings challenge previous perceptions of invertebrates as mere reflex-driven entities, suggesting a deeper layer of consciousness and emotional capacity within these creatures.
"Identifying consciousness and sentience in invertebrates, such as worms and flies, is complex, as their nervous systems challenge traditional notions of pain and reflexes."
"Bees exhibit sophisticated, context-dependent responses, learning to make trade-offs, which indicates a level of sentience previously underestimated in invertebrate species."
Read at www.theguardian.com
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