Ask Ethan: How can ultra-distant galaxies move so fast?
Briefly

Ask Ethan: How can ultra-distant galaxies move so fast?
"The problem is this: we know the Universe is expanding, and we've been able to measure the expansion rate very well in recent years. Even given the puzzle of the Hubble tension, where fundamentally different methods yield answers that disagree at the 9% level, everyone agrees that the modern expansion rate of the Universe is somewhere between 67 and 74 km/s/Mpc."
"If you look to great enough distances, that observed recession speed can get very fast indeed. Potentially, those speeds could approach, reach, or even exceed the speed of light! Is that a problem for physics?"
The Universe is expanding, with distant galaxies receding from one another. Hubble's Law establishes a relationship between a galaxy's recession speed and its distance. Observations indicate that these speeds can approach or exceed the speed of light, leading to questions about the energy required for such acceleration. The current measured expansion rate of the Universe is approximately 70 km/s/Mpc, despite discrepancies known as Hubble tension, where different measurement methods yield conflicting results.
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