"The people of Peru have many definitions for the word chicha: a sacred fermented corn drink, popular culture, popular art and, of course, Peruvian cumbia. It has also been used as a derogatory term, mocking immigrant culture in Lima during the mass migrations of Indigenous Andean people to Lima in the 20th century. When it comes to music, the term has become extremely controversial."
"Pancho, on the other hand, insists that chicha is specifically Tropical Andina, a sub-genre that mixes Colombian cumbia with Andean folkloric music, known as huayno. Alfredo Villar, an author and art historian, says chicha "is the most complex moment of Peruvian identity, because it mixes everything from its deepest roots to its most extreme and complex external influences. This is why it is so difficult to define Chicha will always surprise you.""
Chicha carries multiple meanings in Peru: a sacred fermented corn drink, forms of popular culture and art, and a style of Peruvian cumbia. The term has also served as a derogatory label targeting Indigenous Andean migrants to Lima during 20th-century mass migrations. Musical definitions remain contested, with some musicians and fans treating all Peruvian cumbia as chicha while others restrict chicha to Tropical Andina, a hybrid of Colombian cumbia and Andean huayno. Foundational figures emphasized electric guitar and rapid fingerstyle solos. Chicha fused Colombian cumbia, Cuban guaracha, Andean huayno, psychedelic rock, jazz and bossa nova, peaking in the 1980s with artists such as Lorenzo Palacios Quispe (Chacalon).
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