Threat of war: Which countries in Europe have military service?

"In Denmark, the government last year extended military service from four to 11 months and, since July 1, has made it compulsory for women as well. Young Danes are selected at random, according to the armed forces' needs. Conscripts in Finland serve between six, nine, or 12 months, depending on their specialty and rank. They are then placed in the reserves, where they can be called back to active duty,"

"Estonia requires eight to 11 months of military service for men, carried out on a regional basis so they can later serve in the same units as reservists. Service remains voluntary for women. For Greek men aged over 18, conscription is compulsory for nine to 12 months. In March, the government opened the door for women to perform military service on a voluntary basis. Cyprus mandates 14 months of military service for men and in April it passed a law allowing women to volunteer."

Several European countries maintain or have reinstated compulsory military conscription with varying durations, selection methods, gender policies, and reserve obligations. Denmark extended service to 11 months and made it compulsory for women while selecting conscripts at random based on armed forces needs. Finland requires six, nine, or 12 months depending on specialty and places conscripts in reserves until age 50 or 60, with voluntary service for women. Norway enforces 12 months for both genders and selects about 15 percent of each age cohort. Estonia, Greece, Cyprus, Austria, and Switzerland retain male conscription with differing lengths and voluntary options for women. Lithuania reinstated nine-month conscription in 2015; Sweden reintroduced conscription in 2017.

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