The article reviews the dynamic interaction between Io and Jupiter's magnetosphere, particularly focusing on the Io plasma torus, which typically exhibits stability but is subject to variations in mass supply from Io's volcanic activity. This volcanic activity contributes neutral atoms and particles to the magnetosphere, causing periodic transient events that require further investigations. Through a detailed examination of various components, the review highlights existing knowledge gaps and suggests future observational strategies to better comprehend the mass and energy dynamics in the Io-Jupiter system.
The Io plasma torus is generally stable over weeks or months, but variations in mass supply from Io can cause transient changes on the order of days to months.
Understanding the feedback mechanisms that stabilize the Io plasma torus structure and density is crucial for unraveling transient behaviors triggered by mass supply from Io.
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