""Treaty is powerful. It's not just a document or an agreement of the past. It's a living agreement," says Cree lawyer and advocate Deanne Kasokeo. For nearly 150 years, Treaty 5 has shaped the lives of Cree and Anishinaabe communities across northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan-and its story is far from settled. Also called the Winnipeg Treaty, it included more First Nation communities than any other in Canada and promised land, tools, education, and health care."
"Treaty Five, also called the Winnipeg Treaty, is the largest of the numbered treaties in Manitoba. It included the largest number of First Nation communities under a single treaty. It was first signed in 1875 between the federal government, the Ojibwe and the swampy Cree of Lake Winnipeg. Over the next few decades, amendments stretched the treaty's reach even further. The treaty wasn't fully realized until 1910 when the last bands had formally joined and reserve lands were officially designated."
Treaty Five encompasses vast territory of water, muskeg and forest in northern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, inhabited by Cree and Anishinaabe peoples for generations. The treaty process began in 1875 and was completed by 1910 through amendments that expanded its reach and designated reserve lands. Signatory nations sought security, farming tools, protection from encroachment, food and health supports after displacement and hunger. Federal aims focused on securing land for settlement and transportation. Treaty promises have been unevenly realized. Community leaders emphasize defending treaty rights, passing knowledge to younger generations, and rebuilding cultural and social well-being.
Read at The Walrus
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