"During the 2024-2025 U.S. influenza season, pediatricians across the country reported a surge in ANE cases, which prompted the current study, said Kavita Thakkar, MD, assistant professor of Pediatrics in the Division of Neurology and Epilepsy, who was a co-author of the study. In the study, 23 hospitals across the U.S. identified 41 confirmed cases in children, most of whom were previously healthy and under the age of 8."
"The study aimed to understand the clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment strategies and outcomes of children diagnosed with influenza-associated ANE. After analyzing the cases, investigators found that 93 percent of patients presented with fever, all experienced encephalopathy and 68 percent had seizures. Most were infected with influenza A, and only 16 percent of those with available records had received the seasonal flu vaccine."
During the 2024–2025 U.S. influenza season, pediatricians nationwide reported an increase in acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) among children. Twenty-three hospitals across the U.S. identified 41 confirmed pediatric cases, mostly previously healthy children under age 8. Reported presentations included fever in 93% of cases, universal encephalopathy, and seizures in 68%. Most infections were influenza A, and only 16% with available records had received the seasonal flu vaccine. One-third carried RANBP2 gene mutations, a vulnerability factor. ANE results from an intense immune response causing brain swelling, bleeding, and tissue necrosis following viral illness.
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