Smart deep brain stimulation originated in academic research that produced proofs of concept supported by public funding. Early studies used patents and prototypes to translate laboratory work into practical devices. A virtuous cycle of collaboration among academic researchers, industry partners and people receiving treatment drove iterative development and clinical translation. Spin-off companies and patent filings converted prototypes into implantable DBS systems. Specific commercial and intellectual-property connections include Newronika SpA and patents US-10596379-B2, US20080269836A1, plus application 20220323762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-025-02701-9
Public funding enabled early proof-of-concept studies that leveraged patents and prototypes, fostering a virtuous cycle of collaboration involving academia, industry and people receiving treatment, culminating in DBS implants.
A.P. and S.M. are both co-founders and stakeholders of Newronika SpA, Milan, Italy, a spin-off company of the University of Milan and Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Policlinico di Milano. They have the following patents potentially relevant to the correspondence: US-10596379-B2 and US20080269836A1. They have also applied for patent 20220323762.
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