Air-gapped systems, long considered secure due to their isolation from external networks, are increasingly vulnerable to a new threat: optical data exfiltration. In 2025, attackers can compromise these systems using specialized malware that encodes sensitive information into binary or Morse code, which is then transmitted via the blinking of internal LEDs. This data can be captured by attackers equipped with optical devices, enabling them to decode the information without physical access to the compromised system. The technique represents a significant evolution in cyber threats, requiring new defenses.
Air-gapped systems are now vulnerable to optical data exfiltration, where malware uses LED indicators to leak sensitive information visually.
In 2025, attackers can exploit LED indicators to transmit data visually, making previously secure air-gapped systems susceptible to data breaches.
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