The article discusses the moral purpose of the later medieval state, focusing on the concept of the "common good." It elaborates on how Latin Christians of the thirteenth century understood the common good as the collective benefit of all members in society, stressing its importance in both individual and corporate aspects. Various thinkers interpreted the common good in different ways, but there was a consensus that it should guide all forms of authority. Promoting the common good was seen as vital for valid laws and good governance, embodying the ethical and social responsibilities of rulers.
The concept of the common good was seen as being superior to individual good and was viewed by many as the ultimate purpose of political authority.
In the late medieval political thought, some thinkers defined the common good in terms of peace and security, while others emphasized justice and virtue.
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