"Griqualand, renamed West Griqualand by the British, was made a crown colony in 1871. A British army defeated the Zulu Kingdom in 1879, and Zululand became a crown colony in 1887. The British also acquired the Basutoland Protectorate (modern Lesotho) in 1884 and the Bechuanaland Protectorate (modern Botswana) in 1885. Swaziland and Pondoland were added to Britain's motley collection of Southern African states in 1893 and 1894, respectively."
Great Britain established the Cape Colony in 1806 and later founded Natal in 1843, using the region as a key stop for ships traveling to and from Britain and British India. British rule faced competition from indigenous Africans and from Boers, white settlers of Dutch or French ancestry who spoke Afrikaans and were also called Afrikaners. As Britain outlawed slavery and population growth increased pressure on land near the Cape, more than 14,000 Boers migrated during the 1830s, forming the Boer republics of Transvaal in 1852 and the Orange Free State in 1854. Southern Africa’s economy shifted after diamond discoveries at Kimberley in 1867 and gold discoveries at Witwatersrand in 1886. Between these discoveries, Britain expanded control by creating crown colonies and protectorates, defeating the Zulu Kingdom in 1879, and adding Basutoland, Bechuanaland, Swaziland, and Pondoland by the 1890s.
#british-colonial-expansion #boer-migration-and-republics #anglo-boer-conflict #mineral-discoveries-diamonds-and-gold #southern-african-protectorates-and-colonies
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