Italy's colonial ambitions led to the Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 that resulted in the acquisition of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica. These regions eventually unified to form Libya, an Italian colony until 1943. Italian expansion plans were frustrated in the 19th century by France's protectorate over Tunisia, redirecting focus to Tripolitania, which was a largely independent Ottoman province. Despite nominal rule by the Ottomans, local dynamics and the influence of the Sanusiyya brotherhood shaped the region until Mussolini's brutal pacification campaigns suppressed local resistance until the early 1930s.
The Italo-Turkish War of 1911-1912 was pivotal for Italian efforts to secure a Mediterranean colony, resulting in the eventual Italian control of Libya until 1943.
Mussolini's 'pacification' campaign in the 1930s effectively crushed Libyan resistance, highlighting the violent repression associated with fascist rules in colonial contexts.
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