Cities, writing, and governments: Early Dynastic Mesopotamia's revolutionary advances
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Cities, writing, and governments: Early Dynastic Mesopotamia's revolutionary advances
"It should be noted, however, that the advances of Mesopotamia's Early Dynastic period differed from Egypt's in significant ways, notably in that Mesopotamia - even under the rule of Sargon or later empires - was never the cohesive ethnic or political entity Egypt was, and the kinds of cultural development cited for this era were not as uniform as they were in Egypt."
"The city-states of Sumer were, for much of their history, each independently governed - not united under the reign of a single king as in the case of Egyptian government - and so a city like Uruk or Ur might have developed some important cultural advance which was not shared - at least not readily - with others."
The Early Dynastic period in Mesopotamia (c. 2900–2350/2334 BCE) witnessed major cultural advances, including the rise of cities, the development of writing, and the establishment of governmental institutions. The period followed the Uruk era, when the first Sumerian cities emerged, and preceded the Akkadian period introduced by Sargon of Akkad's conquest. Sumer consisted of largely independent city-states, so innovations could arise locally and were not uniformly adopted across the region. Archaeologists divide the era into Dynastic I, II, and III (roughly 2900–2350 BCE), reflecting subtle chronological and cultural shifts without clear boundaries.
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