Threat of war: Which countries in Europe have military service?

"Conscripts in Finland serve between six, nine, or 12 months, depending on their specialty and rank. They are then placed in the reserves, where they can be called back to active duty, until the age of 50 or 60 -- a limit the government is considering raising to 65. Military service is voluntary for women. In 2013, Norway made its 12 months of military service obligatory for women as well, citing gender equality."

"Estonia requires eight to 11 months of military service for men, carried out on a regional basis so they can later serve in the same units as reservists. Service remains voluntary for women. For Greek men aged over 18, conscription is compulsory for nine to 12 months. In March, the government opened the door for women to perform military service on a voluntary basis."

Several European countries maintain compulsory military conscription with varying lengths and gender rules. Denmark extended service from four to 11 months and made it compulsory for women, selecting young people at random based on armed forces needs. Finland requires six, nine, or 12 months depending on specialty, places conscripts into reserves callable until age 50 or 60, and keeps service voluntary for women. Norway, Estonia, Greece, Cyprus, Austria, and Switzerland have conscription with differing durations and gender policies. Lithuania reinstated conscription in 2015 with a nine-month lottery system and reserve obligations, and Sweden reintroduced conscription in 2017 after a suspension.

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