"Originally developed by Nest (before the Google acquisition), Thread has existed since 2011. Devised as a power-efficient mesh networking technology for internet-of-things (IoT) products, Thread gathered pace after the 2014 formation of the Thread Group, which develops the technology and drives its adoption as an industry standard. Founding members like ARM, Samsung, Google, and Qualcomm have been joined by Apple, Amazon, and many other big companies over the years."
"Thread is what enables devices to connect to each other, and Matter is the language they use to communicate. Thread actually supports various application layers, like Matter, that sit on top. It can even support multiple application layers simultaneously. Matter uses Thread, Wi-Fi, and Ethernet for device connectivity. If the device is battery-powered and bandwidth requirements are low, it will pick Thread. For high-bandwidth and always-on (plugged-in) devices (like security cameras), it will choose Wi-Fi. Matter also uses Bluetooth LE for the initial setup of some devices."
Thread originated in 2011 as a low-power mesh networking technology for Internet-of-Things products and gained momentum after the 2014 formation of the Thread Group. The specification is publicly available, though adopters sign an end-user license agreement. Versions evolve every few years and are generally backward compatible, allowing newer and older Thread devices to interoperate, though some older devices cannot be upgraded. Thread 1.4, released in 2024, introduced credential sharing to merge meshes across different ecosystems and Border Routers into a single network. Manufacturers require time to adopt new specifications and complete certification.
Read at WIRED
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