"Have a USB device near you? Look closely at the port -- do you see a color? It turns out that it actually means something. There's a standardized color scheme that communicates information about that device's capabilities. Mind blown? If you never noticed this, you're not alone. Most USB devices work fine on any compatible port, but they may not be optimized for optimal performance."
"For example, if you've noticed a mouse seems to work better in one port over another, it's not in your head. One probably supports USB 3.0, and the other doesn't. Also: Drawer full of USB cables? This tiny tester tells you which ones actually work as advertised Despite the fact that they share a universal port shape, all USB-A and USB-C devices are not created equal, with potentially very different transfer speeds, power transfer, and generations on similar devices."
"Black:Denoting USB 2.0, this is the second most common you'll see on devices of all types, supporting speeds of up to 480 Mbps. White: These are first-generation devices -- USB 1.x -- with the slowest potential transfer speeds that don't typically exceed 12 Mbps. They're also some of the most common, found on devices that don't require data transfer or high power delivery."
USB port colors form a standardized scheme that indicates generation, data transfer speed, and power delivery characteristics. Most devices function across compatible ports but may not perform optimally if plugged into a lower-speed or lower-power port. USB-A and USB-C ports can have differing capabilities even when adjacent on the same laptop. Common colors include black for USB 2.0 (up to 480 Mbps), white for USB 1.x (up to 12 Mbps), yellow for always-on power with USB 2.0 or 3.0 support, orange for always-on USB 3.0, and blue for USB 3.0 SuperSpeed. Recognizing colors helps choose optimal ports for devices and charging.
Read at ZDNET
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