"Ruptures of the Nord Stream natural-gas pipeline in the Baltic Sea in September 2022 released about 465,000 tonnes of methane ( S. J. Harris et al. Nature 637, 1124-1130; 2025)."
"The consequences go much further than the immediate operational and economic effects, and are reshaping perceptions of infrastructure vulnerability."
Ruptures of the Nord Stream natural-gas pipeline in the Baltic Sea in September 2022 released about 465,000 tonnes of methane. The released methane constitutes a substantial greenhouse-gas emission with likely implications for atmospheric concentration and near-term climate forcing. The incident caused immediate operational disruptions and economic costs tied to energy supply and pipeline integrity. The consequences extend beyond those immediate effects to change assessments of infrastructure vulnerability, risk management, resilience planning, and the security of submarine and transnational energy networks.
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