
Ethereum has completed many upgrades since 2015, moving toward a more scalable proof-of-stake network. Glamsterdam is planned for mainnet by mid-2026 and is positioned as a major turning point. The upgrade targets long-term problems including high fees, slow transactions, and dependence on outside infrastructure. Earlier 2025 upgrades focused mainly on Layer 2 scaling, while the base chain still faced congestion and efficiency challenges. Glamsterdam centers on EIP-7732 for enshrined proposer-builder separation on the consensus layer and EIP-7928 for block-level access lists on the execution layer. ePBS integrates block-building into the protocol to reduce censorship risk and improve transparency. Block-level access lists enable blocks to declare required data in advance, supporting parallel execution and reducing congestion during spikes.
"Glamsterdam is the next hard fork, targeting mainnet by mid-2026, which raises the question of whether this could be Ethereum's next major turning point. Historically, Ethereum has rarely reacted until months after a network upgrade. The Pectra upgrade in May 2025 coincided with ETH climbing from $1,800 toward $4,946 over the following three months."
"Ethereum's Glamsterdam upgrade stands out from every upgrade since 2015 because it directly targets some of Ethereum's biggest long-term problems: high fees, slow transactions, and heavy reliance on outside infrastructure. Pectra and Fusaka, both 2025 upgrades, focused mainly on Layer 2 scaling, but Glamsterdam will turn attention back to Ethereum's core Layer 1 network."
"The upgrade centers on two major proposals: EIP-7732 (Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation, or ePBS) on the consensus layer, and EIP-7928 (Block-Level Access Lists) on the execution layer. ePBS brings block-building directly into Ethereum's protocol instead of depending on external middleware or relays. This reduces censorship risks and makes Ethereum's block-building process more transparent and decentralized."
"The Block-Level Access Lists (BALs) could be the biggest breakthrough of the upgrade. Ethereum processes transactions sequentially within each block, which creates congestion when activity spikes. BALs change that by letting blocks declare in advance which data they need to access, making parallel execution possible wit"
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