The article delves into the complexities of defining a coordinate time on Earth, exemplified by GPS time synchronization. GPS satellites employ a 'factory frequency offset' for effective timekeeping, which accounts for the effects of relativity. The authors emphasize that due to the gravitational interactions between Earth and the Moon, establishing identical Keplerian orbital parameters in different coordinate systems poses challenges. It highlights the need to understand relativistic effects, including Lorentz contraction and tidal changes, in orbital mechanics through various perspectives.
The interplay between coordinate systems centered on Earth and on the Earth-Moon center of mass presents significant challenges in accurately describing orbits as well as relativistic phenomena.
Establishing a synchronized time for GPS necessitates a 'factory frequency offset' reflecting the time dilation effects experienced by satellites in orbit compared to those on Earth's surface.
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