Construal of self describes how individuals perceive themselves and their connections to others, ranging from an independent to an interdependent sense of self. Independent individuals prioritize autonomy, self-sufficiency, and competition, typically raised in individualist cultures. In contrast, interdependent individuals value social harmony, loyalty, and obligation, often influenced by collectivist cultures. The degree of independence or interdependence can be quantified through tests like the Twenty Statements Test, developed to measure self-concept based on personal attributes or social connections.
Persons with an independent sense of self view themselves as free, self-directed, and separate from others. They've probably grown up in an individualist society that emphasizes values such as autonomy, self-sufficiency, individual achievement, uniqueness, and competition.
Persons with an interdependent sense of self view themselves as psychologically connected to other people. They've probably grown up in a collectivist society that emphasizes values such as social harmony, sharing resources, selflessness, loyalty to the group, and fulfilling one's obligations to others.
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