These governments have handed out almost $30bn in subsidies for carbon capture and fossil hydrogen over the past 40 years, with hundreds of billions potentially up for grabs through new incentives.
The industry-preferred solutions could play a limited role in curtailing global heating, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and are being increasingly pushed by wealthy nations at the annual UN climate summit.
According to OCI, the US has spent the most taxpayer money, some $12bn in direct subsidies, with fossil fuel giants hoping to secure billions more in future years.
Robert Howarth, professor of ecology and environmental biology at Cornell University, stated: 'none of the demonstration projects have lived up to their initial hype.'
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